Int type

Integer type. On 64 bit platforms it's a 61 bit signed integer

Direct parent types

Eachable1: Eachable which each() calls the callback with one argument
Direct subtypes: 17

Num: A number
Direct subtypes: 2

Constructors

Int(r:Real): Convert Real (floating) number to Int. Floating part is truncated.
Returns
Int

Int(s:Str, base:Int)

Convert Str to Int.

Example

Int("100", 2)  # 8
Int("80", 16)  # 128

Int() Source: stdlib.ngs:476: Get zero
Returns
0

Int(i:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:4666: Convert Int to Int, a no-op
Returns
i

Int(s:Str, base:Any=10) Source: stdlib.ngs:4673

Convert to Int. Throws InvalidArgument if the number in s is not well-formatted.

Returns

Int

Example

Int(" 100 ")  # 100

Int(b:Bool) Source: stdlib.ngs:4692

Convert Bool to int.

Returns

Int

Example

true.Int()   # 1
false.Int()  # 0

Int(t:Time) Source: stdlib.ngs:8255: Undocumented

Int(d:Duration) Source: stdlib.ngs:8278: Undocumented

Methods

%(a:Int, b:Int)

Modulus

Returns

Int

Example

10 % 3  # 1

*(a:Int, b:Int): Multiplication

*(arr:Arr, n:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:3491

Repeat all elements in arr n times

Parameters

arr	Elements to repeat
n	Number of times to repeat the elements

Returns

Arr

Example

[10,20] * 2  # [10,20,10,20]

*(s:Str, n:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:4884

Repeat string n times

Example

"abc" * 3  # "abcabcabc"

*(cb:Fun, n:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:7831

Call cb n times without any parameters and accumulate the results.

Example

a = Box * 2; a[0] is Box and a[1] is Box and a[0] !== a[1]  # true

*(a:Int, b:Real) Source: stdlib.ngs:8838: Undocumented

*(a:Real, b:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8839: Undocumented

+(a:Int, b:Int): Addition

+(a:Int, b:Real) Source: stdlib.ngs:8832: Undocumented

+(a:Real, b:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8833: Undocumented

-(a:Int, b:Int): Subtraction

-(a:Int, b:Real) Source: stdlib.ngs:8834: Undocumented

-(a:Real, b:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8835: Undocumented

/(a:Int, b:Int): Division

/(a:Int, b:Real) Source: stdlib.ngs:8836: Undocumented

/(a:Real, b:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8837: Undocumented

<(a:Int, b:Int): Less-than comparison

<=(a:Int, b:Int): Less-than-or-equal comparison

==(a:Int, b:Int): Equality comparison

>(a:Int, b:Int): Greater-than comparison

>=(a:Int, b:Int): Greater-than-or-equal comparison

[](arr:Arr, idx:Int): Get element at the given index or throw IndexNotFound if the index is out of range (element at the given index does not exist).
Returns
Any

[](al:ArrLike, idx:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:1898: Set element in the underlying array.

[](arr:Arr, idx:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:3323

Get array element by index from the end (negative indexes handler). Throws IndexNotFound if abs(idx) > len(arr).

Parameters

idx	Negative index

Example

[10,20,30][-1]  # 30

[](s:Str, i:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:4796

Get given character (currently byte) of the string

Parameters

s	Original string
i	Index of the character to return

Example

"abc"[0]  # "a"

[](s:Str, i:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:4806

Get given character (currently byte) of the string (negative indexes handler). Throws IndexNotFound if abs(i) > len(s).

Parameters

s	Original string.
i	Negative index of the character to return

Example

"abc"[-1]  # "c"

[](ms:MatchSuccess, idx:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:7594

Convenience method to access matches in MatchSuccess

Example

("abc" ~ /a(.)c/)[1]  # "b"

[]=(arr:Arr, idx:Int, v:Any): Set element at the given index or throw IndexNotFound if the index is out of range.
Returns
v

[]=(al:ArrLike, idx:Int, x:Any) Source: stdlib.ngs:1901: Get element from the underlying array.

[]=(arr:Arr, idx:Int, val:Any) Source: stdlib.ngs:3333

Set array element by index from the end (negative indexes handler). Throws IndexNotFound if abs(idx) > len(arr).

Parameters

idx	Negative index

Example

a = [1, 2, 3]; a[-1] = 99  # [1, 2, 99]

abs(i:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:4632

Absolute value of a number

Example

abs(5)   # 5
abs(-5)  # 5

access(f:File, mode:Int=0) Source: stdlib.ngs:8521

Check whether current process has the specified access to the file. Wrapper around ACCESS(2). Throws CError.

Parameters

mode	One of the file ACCESS::* modes, defaults to ACCESS::F_OK (test file existence only).

Returns

Bool

Example

access(File("mydata"), ACCESS::R_OK).not() throws Error("No access to data file").set("file", "mydata")

Arg(x:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:6576

Convert to string, appropriate for using as argument to external process.

Automatically called by NGS for syntax

$(mycommand $num) # num is Int

assert_exit_code(pp:ProcessesPipeline, expected:Int, title:Str=null)

Assert process exits with the specified exit code. Throws TestFail.

Returns

Example

p = $(true); assert_exit_code(p, 0)   # OK
p = $(false); assert_exit_code(p, 1)  # OK
p = $(false); assert_exit_code(p, 0)  # Throws TestFail

band(a:Int, b:Int)

Bitwise and

Returns

Int

Example

7.band(5)  # 5

bor(a:Int, b:Int)

Bitwise or

Returns

Int

Example

1.bor(8)  # 9

Box(a:Arr, idx:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:4331

Convert array value indexed by the given index

Parameters

idx	key to look in hash

Returns

Box. FullBox if the array has the element indexed by idx, EmptyBox otherwise.

Example

my_array = [10, 20]
my_array.Box(1).map(X*2).each(echo)
# output: 40
my_array.Box(5).map(X*2).each(echo)
# no output

bxor(a:Int, b:Int)

Bitwise xor

Returns

Int

Example

15.bxor(1)  # 14

c_accept(socket:Int, address:c_sockaddr_un): Undocumented

c_access(pathname:Str, mode:Int): Call ACCESS(2)

c_bind(socket:Int, address:c_sockaddr_un): Undocumented

c_bind(socket:Int, address:c_sockaddr_in): Undocumented

c_close(fd:Int): Close a file. Uses CLOSE(2).
Returns
Int - zero on success or -1

c_connect(socket:Int, address:c_sockaddr_un): Undocumented

c_connect(socket:Int, address:c_sockaddr_in): Undocumented

c_dlopen(filename:Str, flags:Int): Unfinished feature. Don't use!

c_dup2(oldfd:Int, newfd:Int): Duplicate a file descriptor. Uses DUP2(2).
Returns
Int - file descriptor or -1

c_exit(status:Int): Call EXIT(3). Don't use directly unless you must. Use FatalError exception.

c_fstat(fd:Int): Call FSTAT(2)

c_gmtime(timep:Int)

Call GMTIME_R(3)

Example

ngs -pl 'c_gmtime(0).Hash().Strs()'
tm_sec=0
tm_min=0
tm_hour=0
tm_mday=1
tm_mon=0
tm_year=70
tm_wday=4
tm_yday=0
tm_isdst=0

c_isatty(fd:Int): Check if file descriptor refers to a TTY device. Uses ISATTY(3).
Returns
Int: 1 or 0

c_kill(pid:Int, sig:Int): Call KILL(2). Global variable SIGNALS contains mapping between signals' names and values.

c_listen(socket:Int, backlog:Int): Undocumented

c_localtime(timep:Int)

Call LOCALTIME(3)

Example

ngs -pl 'c_gmtime(0).Hash().keys()'
tm_sec
tm_min
tm_hour
tm_mday
tm_mon
tm_year
tm_wday
tm_yday
tm_isdst

c_lseek(fd:Int, offset:Int, whence:Str)

Call LSEEK(2).

Parameters

whence

One of: set, cur, end

Returns

Int: new offset or -1

c_pcre_compile(regexp:Str, flags:Int): Throws RegExpCompileFail on errors.
Returns
RegExp

c_pcre_exec(regexp:RegExp, subject:Str, offset:Int, options:Int): Search string for regular expression. Uses PCRE_EXEC(3). Do not use this function directly!
Returns
Int or Arr of Int

c_poll(fds_evs:Arr, timeout:Int): Undocumented

c_pthread_mutexattr_settype(mutex:c_pthread_mutexattr_t, type:Int): Call PTHREAD_MUTEXATTR_SETTYPE(3)

c_read(fd:Int, count:Int)

Read from a file. Uses READ(2).

Parameters

count

Maximal number of bytes to read.

Returns

Arr of two elements: Int - number of bytes read or -1, Str - the read bytes

c_recvfrom(socket:Int, length:Int, flags:Int, address:c_sockaddr_un): Undocumented

c_send(socket:Int, buffer:Str, flags:Int): Undocumented

c_socket(domain:Int, type:Int, protocol:Int): Undocumented

c_strerror(errnum:Int): Call STRERROR(2)

c_sysconf(name:Int): Undocumented

c_waitpid(pid:Int): Call WAITPID(2)

C_WEXITSTATUS(status:Int): Use WEXITSTATUS macro.

c_write(fd:Int, s:Str): Write to a file. Uses WRITE(2).
Returns
Int - number of bytes written or -1

C_WTERMSIG(status:Int): Use WTERMSIG macro.

calculate_num_cols_to_show(t:Table, max_columns_widths:Arr, available_cols:Int): Internal method. Please do not use.

chr(code:Int)

Get character (byte) by it's ordinal value.

Returns

Str of length 1 (byte).

Example

chr(65)  # "A" on my machine

close(fd:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:6291: Close a file. Uses CLOSE(2). Throws FileIOFail if an underlying error occurs.
Returns
fd

code(n:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:4699: Convert an Int to NGS code that would produce the integer when executed. Not fully functional yet.
Returns
Str

collector(n:Int, body:Fun) Source: stdlib.ngs:2776

Defines collector { ... collect(...) ... } behaviour for integers (summarizes collected items).

Parameters

n	Initial number
body	The body after collector keyword and initial value, wrapped in a function "collector/100 THIS_CODE"

Returns

Constructed array

Example

collector/0 { (1...10).each(collect) }  # 55

column(t:Table, n:Int): Get values in the given table column.
Returns
Arr

create(rd:ResDef, n:Int, **props:Hash): Create n resources with given props. Typically called by converge().
Returns
rd

digest(a:Arr, chunk_size:Int, marker:Str='(...)') Source: stdlib.ngs:7911

Convert an array to a possibly shorter version, for displaying to human.

Parameters

chunk_size	number of elements to retain at the beginning and at the end.
marker	how to mark the cut elements in the middle.

Returns

Arr

Example

my_array = Arr(1...100)
digest(my_array, 2).each(echo)
# 1
# 2
# (...)
# 99
# 100

drop(i:Iter, n:Int)

Fetch and drop next n values from iterator i.

Example

i = Iter([10,20,30])
drop(i, 1)
echo(i.next())
# Output: 20

dup2(oldfd:Int, newfd:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:5988: Duplicate a file descriptor. Uses DUP2(2). Handles EINTR.

dup2_reading_end(p:Pipe, newfd:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:6181: DUP2(2) reading file descriptor

dup2_writing_end(p:Pipe, newfd:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:6178: DUP2(2) writing file descriptor

each(arr:Arr, n:Int, cb:Fun) Source: stdlib.ngs:3077

Process each N elements of an Array at a time. Throws InvalidArgument if number of items in arr is not divisible by n. cb is called as cb(eltI, ..., eltJ) where I is multiple of n and J is I+n-1

Parameters

arr	Items to iterate in chunks of n
n	Number of items in chunk
cb	Function to be called with values from arr

Returns

arr

Example

[1,2,3,4].each(2, F(a, b) echo("$a - $b"))  # Outputs: "1 - 2" and on the next line "3 - 4"

each(n:Int, cb:Fun) Source: stdlib.ngs:4649

Iterate from zero up to but not including n

Parameters

cb	Function to call with current number

Returns

Example

10.each(echo)  # Outputs numbers from 0 to 9 inclusive, one on each line

each_chunk(e:Eachable1, n:Int, cb:Fun)experimental Source: stdlib.ngs:3608: Call cb with array of maximum length of n, repeatedly for all items of e. TODO: better doc, rename to each() to be consistent with each(Arr, Int, Fun)?

echo(fd:Int, s:Str) Source: stdlib.ngs:6080

Write a string followed by newline character to a file descriptor. Throws WriteFail on failure.

Returns

null

Example

echo(2, "blah")  # Output on stderr: blah"

encode_base64(s:Str, wrap:Int=0)experimental Source: stdlib.ngs:8616: Undocumented

encode_base64(s:Str, wrap:Int=0)experimental Source: stdlib.ngs:8622: Undocumented

ensure(n:Int, r:NumRange) Source: stdlib.ngs:2715

Checks that x is in the range.

Example

ensure(3, 3..10)  # 3

ExitCode(n:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:160: Undocumented
Returns
n

expect(rd:ResDef, e:Int)

Throw an exception unless there is exactly e resources were found. Useful to express assumptions before operating.

Returns

Example

slave_build_server = AWS::Instance(Tags={'env': 'aux', 'role': 'build-slave'}).expect(1)
subnets = AWS::Subnet(my_vpc_anchor).expect(2)

finished_ok(p:Process, field_name:Str, ok:Int)internal Source: stdlib.ngs:6391

Decide whether a process finished normally.

Example

$(ok:1 ls no-such-file)  # No exception
$(ok:10 ls no-such-file) # ProcessFail exception

get(al:ArrLike, idx:Int, dflt:Any) Source: stdlib.ngs:1904: Get element at the given index or return dflt if the index is out of range (element at the given index does not exist). See get(Arr).

get(a:Arr, idx:Int, dflt:Any=null) Source: stdlib.ngs:2891

Get element at the given index or return dflt if the index is out of range (element at the given index does not exist)

Returns

Any

Example

[1,2,3].get(0, 10)    # 1
[1,2,3].get(5, 10)    # 10
[11].get(-1)          # 11
[10,20].get(-5, "X")  # "X"

get(ms:MatchSuccess, idx:Int, dflt:Any=null) Source: stdlib.ngs:7597: Get indexed match, returning dflt is the match is not found

gmtime(t:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8176: Low-level function. Do not use directly. Use Time type.

has_index(e:Eachable1, i:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:1836: Check whether Eachable1 has the given index: -len(e) <= i < len(e)
Returns
Bool

in(n:Int, r:NumRange) Source: stdlib.ngs:2670: Check whether the number is in range 10 in 10..20 # true 1 in 10..20 # false

index(arr:Arr, pattern:Any=method, start:Int=0, dflt:Any=block) Source: stdlib.ngs:3198

Find index of the first value that matches the pattern. TODO: Make it work on anything with each() method. In future, will throw exception if element is not found and default is not provided. Now returns null for backwards compatibility in this case.

Parameters

arr	Items to look at
pattern	Test function or anything else acceptable by (=~), defaults to Bool.constructors
start	Index to start search at
dflt	default value to return when element is not found

Returns

Int or dflt. Temporary also null, for backwards compatibility.

Example

[1,2,11,3,4].index(X>10)  # 2

init(r:Repeat, pattern:Any, count:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:1303: Undocumented

init(e:CError, errno:Int, message:Str) Source: stdlib.ngs:2508: CError constructor. In addition to storing message field, adds errno and errno_name fields.

init(e:LockFail, op:Str, code:Int, msg:Str) Source: stdlib.ngs:2533: Initialize LockFail exception.

init(ee:ExitException, message:Str, exit_code:Int=1) Source: stdlib.ngs:5441: Initializes ExitException.

init(ee:ExitException, exit_code:Int=1) Source: stdlib.ngs:5445: Undocumented

init(f:File, fd:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:6196: Create File object from the given file descriptor.

init(t:Time, epoch:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8201: Initialize Time object with the given epoch time.

init(d:Duration, seconds:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8276: Undocumented

init(c:_Cell, val:Any, width:Int): Make a cell of given width. Uses _Cell(val).

init(t:Terminal, fd_in:Int, fd_out:Int): Undocumented

isatty(fd:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:6090: Check whether given fd represents a TTY. Uses ISATTY(3). Throws TtyCheckFail.
Returns
Bool

Iter(n:Int): Create Iter from Int

JsonData(n:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:4702: Convert Int into JSON compatible data structure - number

kill(pid:Int, sig:Int=15) Source: stdlib.ngs:7018

Send signal to a process. Uses KILL(2). Throws KillFail on error.

Parameters

sig	Signal to send. Defaults to SIGNALS.TERM

Returns

unspecified at this time, do not count on it

kill(p:Process, sig:Int=15) Source: stdlib.ngs:7031

Send signal to a Process. Uses KILL(2). Throws InvalidArgument if Process does not have "pid". Throws KillFail on error.

Parameters

sig	Signal to send. Defaults to SIGNALS.TERM

Returns

unspecified at this time, do not count on it

kill(pp:ProcessesPipeline, sig:Int=15) Source: stdlib.ngs:7037: Kill all processes in the ProcessesPipeline. Throws InvalidArgument if ProcessesPipeline is not running (yet).

len(i:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:4639: Useful for knowing how much times each() callback would be invoked. Alternatively, how many elements map() result would have.
Returns
i

limit(a:Arr, l:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:3454

Truncate an array if necessary so it would have maximum l elements.

Parameters

a	Array to (possibly) truncate.
l	Maximum elements

Returns

Either a or new Arr of length l

Example

[10,11,12].limit(2)   # [10,11]
[10,11,12].limit(10)  # [10,11,12]

limit(h:Hash, l:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:4096

Truncate a Hash if necessary so it would have maximum l key-value pairs.

Parameters

h	Source hash
l	Maximum elements

Returns

Hash

Example

{"a": 1, "b": 2}.limit(1)  # {"a": 1}

limit(s:Str, n:Int, marker:Str='') Source: stdlib.ngs:5042

Truncate a string if necessary so it would have maximum n characters (currently bytes).

Parameters

s	The string to (possibly) truncate.
n	Maximum characters
marker	The truncation marker

Returns

Either s or new Str of length n

Example

"abc".limit(5, "...")     # "abc"
"abcdef".limit(5, "...")  # "ab..."
"abcdef".limit(2)         # "ab"

ll_is_global_variable_defined(idx:Int): Do not use directly! Check whether global variable is defined by index.

ll_set_global_variable(idx:Int, val:Any): Do not use directly! Set global variable by index.

localtime(t:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8183: Low-level function. Do not use directly. Use Time type.

map(arr:Arr, n:Int, mapper:Fun) Source: stdlib.ngs:3098

Map each N elements of an Array at a time. mapper is called as cb(eltI, ..., eltJ) where I is multiple of n and J is I+n-1 Throws InvalidArgument if number of items in arr is not divisible by n. mapper is called as mapper(eltI, ..., eltJ) where I is multiple of n and J is I+n-1

Parameters

arr	Items to iterate in chunks of n
n	Number of items in chunk
mapper	Function to be called with values from arr

Returns

Arr

Example

[1,2,3,4].map(2, F(a,b) "$a=$b").join("&")  # Outputs: 1=2&3=4

map_base_idx(base:Any, n:Int, mapper:Fun)deprecated Source: stdlib.ngs:1731

Deprecated. Map when there is more than one element. If there is exactly one element, it's left as is

Parameters

mapper

Will be called with zero based index and successive elements from arr

Returns

Arr

ord(s:Str, idx:Int)

Get character (byte) ordinal value. Throws InvalidArgument if idx is not pointing into s.

Parameters

idx	Index of the character to get value of

Returns

Int

Example

ord("A", 0)  # 65 on my machine

pfilter(e:Eachable1, threads:Int, pattern:Any) Source: stdlib.ngs:5401

Parallel filter. Typcally should be used with "heavy" pattern such as SSH.

Returns

Of same type as e

Example

Set(1..10).pfilter(2, X>3)  # <Set 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9>

pmap(e:Eachable1, threads:Int, mapper:Fun) Source: stdlib.ngs:5352

Parallel map. Runs mapper in "threads" total threads.

Parameters

e	Eachable1 to be mapped
threads	number of threads to use
mapper	called with elements from e

Returns

Arr, result of applying mapper to elements of e, preserving the order.

Example

pages_texts = abs_pages_urls.pmap(F(url)  `lynx -dump $url`)

pos(haystack:Str, needle:Str, start:Int)

Find substring position

Parameters

start

Non-negative Int, position where the search starts

Returns

Int or null. Not -1 as in many languages

pow(base:Int, exponent:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8813: Calls pow(Real, Real) converting parameters and results to and from Real

print_exception(e:Exception, level:Int=0, parent:Exception=null, echo:Any=method) Source: stdlib.ngs:8058

Print exception to stderr. Uses inspect().

Parameters

level	indentation level to use (two spaces for each level)
parent	parent exception if print_exception() was called for .cause exception

ptimes(n:Int, cb:Fun) Source: stdlib.ngs:5377: Run cb in n parallel threads. Each thread runs one cb but this might change in future (preserving the total n calls to cb).

rand(something:Any, n:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8316: Pick n elements from something. Uniqueness of picked elements is not guaranteed.
Returns
Any

rand(n:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8321: Pick random number from 0 up to but not including n
Returns
Int

rand(a:Str, n:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8338: Undocumented

rand_uniq(something:Any, n:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8297

Pick n random unique elements from something

Parameters

something

Something that has len(something) and something[idx]

Returns

Arr or Str, depending on something

read(fd:Int, count:Any=null) Source: stdlib.ngs:6004

Read all data from a file referenced by file descriptor without parsing it.

Parameters

fd	File descriptor to read from

Returns

Str

Example

read(0)  # All data from stdin

read(t:Terminal, count:Int=1): Undocumented

Real(n:Int): Convert Int to Real

resolve_instruction_pointer(ip:Int)

Resolves Instruction Pointer to source location

Parameters

ip	Result of calling Backtrace(). Backtrace().frames[0].ip for example.

Returns

Hash with keys: file, first_line, first_column, last_line, last_column, ip

Example

resolve_instruction_pointer(Backtrace().frames[0].ip)
# {ip=4770, file=/etc/ngs/bootstrap.ngs, first_line=245, first_column=1, last_line=245, last_column=34}

retry(times:Int=60, sleep:Any=1, logger:Fun=method, success_predicate:Any=method, title:Any='<retry>', progress_cb:Fun=method, success_cb:Fun=method, fail_cb:Any=method, body:Fun=method) Source: stdlib.ngs:8379

Retry. Executes given "body" "times" times. Throws RetryFail if all calls fail and fail_cb is not provided.

Parameters

times	Limit of times to run "body"
sleep	Either sleep in seconds between tries or Iter that returns successive sleep times in seconds
logger	Function to use to log attempts, caught body exceptions and sleep times. Defaults to stdlib's debug.
success_predicate	CANDIDATE FOR REMOVAL. Run against body results to. Says whether the attempt succeeded. Defaults to Bool.
title	Prefix strings sent to logger with this string. Defaults to "<retry>".
progress_cb	Called before each attempt with (1) current attempt number and (2) limit of attempts ("times"). Defaults to do nothing.
success_cb	Called when body succeeds with the result that comes from body. Defaults to identity function.
fail_cb	If passed, called if all attempts fail. Defaults to null.

Returns

Any. Result of success_cb or result of fail_cb.

Example

page = retry(times=10, sleep=ExpBackIter(), body={ try `curl "http://flaky-site.com"` })

skip(i:Iter, count:Int)

Returns the given Iter after consuming first count elements.

Returns

Iter

Example

[3, 4, 5, 34, 5].Iter().skip(3).Arr() == [34, 5]

split(s:Str, delim:Str, max_parts:Int=0) Source: stdlib.ngs:4836

Split string by substring

Parameters

s	String to split
delim	Delimiter to split by
max_parts	Maximum number of resulting parts, 0 - unlimited

Returns

Arr of Str

Example

":a:bc:d:".split(":")   # ["", "a", "bc", "d", ""]
"bucket_name/dir/file".split("/", 2)  # ["bucket_name", "dir/file"]
":a:bc:d:".split("bc")  # [":a:", ":d:"]

srand(seed:Int): Seed random generator. Uses SRANDOM(3).
Returns
Unspecified

Str(n:Int): Convert Int to Str

Str(x:Any, target_width:Int, ch:Str=' ') Source: stdlib.ngs:4889: Convert anything to Str of a given width

Str(s:Str, target_width:Int, ch:Str=' ') Source: stdlib.ngs:4896

Pad a string to given width with spaces

Parameters

target_width

Positive pads on right, negative pads on left

Example

Str("x", 3)  # 'x  '
Str("x",-3)  # '  x'

Str(n:Int, target_width:Int, ch:Str=' ') Source: stdlib.ngs:4918

Convert a number to a string and pad it

Parameters

target_width

Positive pads on left, negative pads on right

Example

Str(10,  4)  # '  10'
Str(10, -4)  # '10  '

StrForTable(x:Any, width:Int): Internal method. Please do not use.

StrForTable(x:Null, width:Int): Internal method. Please do not use.

sysconf(name:Int) Source: stdlib.ngs:8885: Undocumented

take(i:Iter, n:Int)

Fetch and convert to array next n values from iterator i.

Example

i = Iter([10,20,30])
echo(i.take(2))  # Output: [10,20]

times(n:Int, cb:Fun) Source: stdlib.ngs:4660

Call cb n times without arguments.

Parameters

cb	Function to call

Example

r=0; 5.times(F() r=r+2);  # r is now 10

write(s:Str, fd:Int)deprecated Source: stdlib.ngs:6036: DEPRECATED! Do not use!

write(fd:Int, s:Str) Source: stdlib.ngs:6054

Throws WriteFail on failure.

Parameters

fd	File descriptor to write to
s	String of bytes to write

Returns

~(haystack:Str, needle:Str, offset:Int=0) Source: stdlib.ngs:5067

Find substring in string. Uses pos().

Returns

MatchResult

Example

"abc" ~ "bc"  # <MatchSuccess ...>
"abc" ~ "X"   # <MatchFailure>

~(s:Str, r:RegExp, offset:Int=0, options:Int=0) Source: stdlib.ngs:7626

Find PCRE regular expression in s. Empty string without options returns MatchFailure. Throws Error if more than 20 captures are used or if there is an error during matching.

Automatically called by NGS for syntax

my_str ~ my_regexp

Parameters

offset	search start offset
options	options to pass to underlying PCRE_EXEC(3).

Returns

MatchResult

Example

globals().keys().filter(/^C_PCRE/)  # lists possible options
"xabcy" ~ /a(.)c/  # <MatchSuccess matches=[abc,b] pattern=<RegExp> named={} positions=[<NumRange 1..4 include_start=true include_end=false step=1>,<NumRange 2..3 include_start=true include_end=false step=1>] whole=abc before=x after=y>
m = ("xabcy" ~ /a(?P<mychar>.)c/)
echo(m.named.mychar)  # Outputs: b

AWS::util::world_open_port(port:Int, proto:Str='tcp'): Undocumented